Oil burner



e, B. MARKOE OIL BURNER Filed Sept. 11. 1924 s; Shets-Sheet 2 1311221507 626F296 fi. iiia/fliroe Q hYM Patented May 25, 1926.

GEORGE E. MARKOE, or BRIGHTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

OIL B RNER."

Application filed September 11, 1924.. Serial No. 737,079.

This invention relates to improvements in oil burners. More particularlyit provides a burner for kerosene, furnace oil or other suitable oil,which is adaptable for domestic as well as industrial use, as forexample in a house heating system. It'is an important feature of theinvention to apply the vapor of water in connection with the vapor ofoil so as to get anefiicient flame giving heat and free from smoke andfrom solid deposits in the apparatus. Itmay'be applied to burnersheretofore proposed for such purposes using oil alone, in which case theapparatus ofcthe invention, by its ii -1 the lazy flame troduction ofsteam, converts of'the oil alone into a rather fierce flame, bluish andreddish in color.

In the apparatus of the invention vaporizer chambersare employed,which'may be simple closed sections of two inch pipe, separate chambersbeing provided for oil andfor water, with discharge connections bywwhich the oil and the water vapors unite, and are projected downwardthrough a coil of small pipe holding oil vapor, and superheating thelatter just before its discharge and combustion. The oiland the waterare introduced to their respective Vaporizers, each by a small pipewhich lets the liquid fall drop by dropnpon a which acting through thedischarge pipe forces the oil and vapor into their mixture and into theflame.

The details of apparatus illustrative of the invention, and furtherprinciples of its construction andoperation, will appear in thedescription of one embodiment thereof which follows. It will beunderstood however that variations may be made in sundry respectswithout departing from the scope of the invention. It is intendedthatthe patent shall cover by suitable expression in the appended claimswhatever features of patentable novelty exist in the inventiondisclosed.

In the accompanying drawings;

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly diagram-- matic, showing an embodimentof the invention resting above a grate such as may be found in anordinary furnace that was designed for combustion of coal.

Figure 2 is a plan of the same.

Figure 3 is an elevation in section through a fragment of a vaporizingchamber, being great hot interior sur-- face of the vaporizer,generating pressure said starting burner.

the upper one. less. an inlet for construction shown in on the line 33of Figure 2, on larger scale. I ,j Figured is an elevation in sectionthrough a portion of the delivery and combustion part of the apparatus,being on the line 4 l of Figure2. Y I T Figure 5 is an elevation insection through a part of theair supply and thecombustionarrangements,on the line 5-5 of Figure 2. Referring to the drawings, 10indicates the wall of a furnace having a grate 11 which in the present.instance is used only as a support for masonry 12 that holds ahorizontalpartition or internal sill 13 on which the baseportion 14 ofthe apparatus is set. This baseportion is an upward pas sage for air, asseen in Fig. 5. Air rising through it passes through tubes 15, of whichthere are four in the present case each arranged to conduct its airradially inward to the center and to discharge it downward through theopening 16, to feed the center of a flame of oil which has risencentrally to the same region through pipe 20. This oil from pipe 20wells up through a small passage 22 in a spreader head 24k and flowsoutward over its gently descending surface,

burning as it goes, with the air from 16 above it supporting itscombustion and with the products of combustion escaping from all sidesthrough the spaces 25 which intervene between the said air supply tubes15. The burner thus described is of a type already known to which thepresent invention may advantageously be" applied to improve the flame;or which may be associated with apparatus of the-invention for startingthe latter into action as a burner by providing its necessarypreliminary heating, after whichthe feed of oilto the above describedburner may be shut oif.

In the embodiment illustrated the apparatus above described issurrounded by the vaporizer chambers 31, 32 and 33 which mayconveniently "be made by' bending lengths of 2 inch pipe or othersuitable each into an arc of a circle around the As represented, theseare set one vertically over another, the middle one occupying aboutthree-fourths of a circumference, the under one more and One end of eachhas oil fuel. or water, of which the Fig. 3 is typical, the inwardaxially size,

inlet pipe 36' projecting through the pipe at a slow rate, control-elable by a needle valve (not shown) on its sup y line 40, dropsoccasionally as seen at i l from this inside end o1 the supply pipe Thedrops tallupon the hot wall of the vaporizer 33, and the resultingsteampasses around through the'cliamber, becoming some what superheatedand flows out through the small pipe 39 and is conducted thereby intothe top middle of the burner first described where itdischarges downwardover the opening 16 and mixesitssteam with the air enter ingthrough sothat the-two together are present for the combustion of the oilwhich issimultaneously welling up through the pipe 20 and flowing overthe'burner and spreader If it be desired, a single va porizer forwatersuch as this chamber 38 may thus be combined with a burner of thepreviously'known type above described with notable benefit in quality offlame, completeness of combustion,freedom from smoke and deposits, andwith greater output of heat due to the pressure and other qualitieswhich the steam-jet introduces. In this case for starting, the vaporizer33 is first heated by the oil flame at'24 burning in air;;and aftersteam begins to be generated the combustion is continued atthis burneralone with aid ofthe steam. Or, before steam is generated, compressedair forced through the vaporizer becomes heated therein and by aidingthe combustion hastens the time when steam can be helpful. Means fordoing this is shown diagrammatically in Figure l where the water pipe 60is represented as being supplied either from a sourceof water controlledby avalve 60 or supplied by a source of "air consisting of a tank 6Owherein air may be compressed by a pump 60 and from which air flows tothe pipe 60 through a control valve 60".

However, the Vaporizers 31 and '32 may be employed to make a combustiblemixture through another burner. In this case the lowest chamber 31 is avaporizer for the oil fuel which enters as aliquid through asmall pipecorresponding to the supply pipe 4-0 and passes on as a vapor throughthe vaporizer and out through the discharge pipe 4:9 which is a smallpipe arranged as a coil 51,]1avmg several convolutio'ns. From the lastof these the oil vapor is conducted through pipe upward, laterally anddownward, by as short a course as is convenient, to a T 53 whenceitissues'through the discharge orburner tube 55by which its'fiame isprojected down through the midst of the said coil 51. This flame maystrike on tire brick or other spreader if desired. In the presentdrawings the representation of such is omitted but the flame is in linewith the plate 26 which constitutes a spreader for the flame issuingfrom the first described burner through the opening 25. The flameshooting down through the coil 51 super-heats the vapor which is passingthrough that coil.

From the vaporizer chamber 82, steam which has entered as water throughthe supply pipe (30, corresponding to i0, issues through the dischargepipe 59 and enters the same T 53where it adds itself and its pressure tothe oil vapor, going out with the latter through the burner 55 and'theflame therefrom, t

Then the vaporizers 32 and 33 have gotten sufliciently heated to beworking, the flame in the burner 1% may be shut off or may be continuedas may be desired. If it be desired to dispense entirely with the firstmentioned burner l i, this may be done through'themeans of a priming arrangement indicated at 69 whichrleads into the T 53 and into which oilmay be introduced through the supplycpipe 70. This oil runs by gravityto the bottom of the burner and there burns in air alone, graduallyheating the coil 51 and vaporizers 3 and lVhen they are suflicientlyheated they come into action and the infeed oi' priming oil through 69may be stopped. Any suitable valves (not shown) may be provided forcontrolling the several supplies.

The startingoperation oi the burner may be expedited by passingcompressed air through either or both of the steam genera tors, in placeof introducing water. Through suitableconnections air may be let intothe water inlet 40 or 60, or both, from a small tank or compressor ofair, for a few minutes. This hastens the flame, and heats the walls ofthe steam generator so that the air passing therethrough soon becomesheated air; and this further expedites the heating of the steamgenerator, instead of delaying it as the introduction otcold water doeswhen the flame is new and small. hen well heated the air connection maybe shifted to a water-supply connection. Such air may be convenientlyheld ready in a small tank, say of 30 ;allons capacity, at a pressure of3050 pounds, from which a five minutes flow of a small stream will servethe above purpose without greatly reduci'ng the'supply. V

I claim as my invention:

1. An oil burner including an oil vapor generating chamber; meansforsupplying oil thereto; a discharge tube for the vapor theregenerated,.leading thence upward and thence directed downward toward thesaid generators for operating, the same byithe flame of the burner; anda preliminary oil rected downward through the superheatingl coil andwithin the curve oi the generating chamber.

An oil burner comprising separate gen ei'ator chambers from one of whichthere is a discharge passage of small diameter arranged in a helicalcourse, and from the other of which there is a discharge passage joiningthe first mentioned discharge passage beyond the helix; the outlet fromthe joint discharge passage being directed backward placing the flamewithin said helix and toward the generator.

4;. An oil burner having an oil vapor generating chamber comprising acurved tube of large diameter extending through the greater part but notthe whole of a circle; an adjacent similar tube, parallel thereto andsubstantially on the same axis, adapted for generating steam;connections ofjsinall diameter piping to each for inlet of liquid at itsone end and for outlet of vapor at its other end, the inlet and outletsmall piping passages being thus assembled on the one side where thecircle is not continued; the two outlet pipes being joined; and theirjoint passage arranged to discharge the two vapors mixed therein througha small opening into unconfined air in the space surrounded by thecurved chambers.

5. An oil burner having a vapor genera-t ing chamber comprising a curvedtube of large diameter extending through the greater part but not. theWhole of a circle; a supe-rheating outlet passage therefrom of smallpipe arranged in a small coil locates in the side where the circle isnot continued, and a discharge from the superheat-ing coil directeddownward through it in position to heat it and the generating tube.

ing

'6. An oil burner having a nozzle pointed downward for the discharge ofoil to the flame and means torsupplying oil thereto for initial flame;combined with a vaporizchamber for oil and means for supplyng oil to itat a limited rate; a second chamber and means for sup 'ilying air to itunder pressure; the said two chambers being positioned to be heated bythe said initial flame and having discharge passages leading theircontents to the flame; and means for supplying water to the second saidchamber, for its vaporization to steam When said second chamber shallhave become heated. V

'7. Oil burning apparatus comprising the combination of a burner withmeans to supply to it liquid oil and compressed air for combustion; achamber through which the said air passes en route to the burner, solocated as to be heated by the flame of the burner; and means to supplywater to the said heated chamber for the making of steam therein for theflame; the said means for supplying liquidoil having apart ar ranged todeliver oil by gravity to the burner, and a part arranged to deliver oilto the burner by vaporization; said last mentioned part being arrangedto be heated by the flame, of the gravity-delivered oil,

thereby to'initiate the said vaporization, and

to be heated by the flame of the vaporizationdelivered oil, thereby tocontinue the vaporization.

8. Oil burning apparatus comprising the combination eta burner withmeans to supply oil to two portionsof the apparatus, at one of whichportions is a discharge opening for combustion of theoil suppliedthereto, the whole being arranged for the flame thereof to heat theother said portion to which oil is supplied, and thus to vaporize andfeed to the said flame by its own vapor pressure theoil so supplied tosaid other portion; a conduit for compressed air to the same saidilan'ie, havin a part heated by said flame; and means tosupply water instead oiair to said conduit, whereby steam is supplied to the flame.

Signed at Boston, Massachusetts, this ninth day of September 1924.

GEORGE B. MAR'KOE.

